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A key is to determine how the access paths are to be implemented. A physical path is derived from the logical path. The relationships existing among the entities like one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-many are considered while designing the database. Relational structured database is used in this system. Program Design In conjunction with database design is a decision on the programming language to be used and choice of coding.

E-R Entity Relationship Model An entity relationship ER diagram is a database model that describes the attributes of entities and the relationships among them. An entity-relationship ER diagram is a specialized graphic that illustrates the interrelationships between entities in a database Nembhard, To avoid insertion, updating, or deletion anomalies, entity relationship diagrams must be normalized Peck, Hence, the database of this system is normalized to third normal form by eliminating fields that do not depend on the primary key.

Conceptual Class Diagram A Class diagram is a visual representation of an application showing its classes and the relationships between those classes. It is used to describe the static structure of the elements in the application. The classes are arranged in hierarchies that share common structure and behavior and are associated with other classes.

It is a diagram that shows interactions organized around instances and their links to each other. Figure 4. A flowchart consists of special geometric symbols connected by arrows. Within each symbol is a phrase representing the activity at that step. The shape of the symbol indicates the type of operation that is to occur.

For instance, the parallelogram denotes input or output. The arrows connecting the symbols, called flow lines, show the progression in which the steps take place. Although the symbols used in flowcharts are standardized, no standards exist for the amount of detail required within each symbol. The main advantage of using a flowchart to plan a task is that it provides a pictorial representation of the task, which makes the logic easier to follow.

The steps and how each step is connected to the next are showed. Then after will logout. Data flow diagrams DFDs still have an important role in the specification of many systems. The importance of data flow diagrams is in specifying what data is available to a component.

Knowing the data available often helps in the understanding of what a component is expected to do and how it will accomplish the task. The above diagram show how data flows within the system. The Use Case diagram creates tracks of various functions and those who interact with the functions within a theoretical application. This will help to show the key concepts, their properties and their relationships as classes, attributes and associations respectively Bennett Simon et al, With the use case model, the key actors in the domain can be easily identified such as admin, cashier and consumer whom are related to the system.

A Use Case diagram is useful for describing requirements of a system in the analysis, design, implementation and documentation stages. The below diagram show the Use Case of this project work. The administrator is the only user that performs the administrative job, starting from Adding cashier, manage cashier, manage consumer, set price, view feedback and monthly report generation. The cashier bill consumer and the consumer can register with the system, view and pay monthly charges as show in the use case diagram below.

Consumer The Consumer is expect to update his password, receive his monthly charges via mobile phone, view and Pay his monthly bill. Table 4. The nature of data stored in the database as well as the organization of the data has wide effect on the performance of the system. A good database design should hold all the data, which may be required by the users of the system, but at the same time, avoid any harmful or unnecessary redundancy.

The database should also be flexible so that any future change in requirements can be incorporated with minimum changes. The data in this system is organized in the form of 2-Dimension relational tables. Organization of data into tables allows easy categorization, retrieval and storage of data. Different tables have been created for different type of information.

The rules of normalization have also been applied while designing the tables. Other tables are used with bi-directional role of data i.

In this project all the steps indicated were designed practically. What was required using Mozilla Firefox as the browser or any other browser, which is available in Microsoft windows operating system.

All other pages can be viewed when user login successfully by clicking their respective links. It is there the consumer will decide to edit his account, view or pay his monthly bill using his ATM Card. With that in mind, testing can by no means totally establish the correctness of arbitrary computer software. In computability theory, a field of computer science, a well-designed mathematical proof concludes that it is not possible to solve the halting problem, the issues of whether an arbitrary computer program will enter an infinite loop, or halt and produce output.

In other words, testing is disapproval or comparison, which is comparing the actual value with an expected one. In order to ensure the system is developed under requirement specification and error free, the author has designed an appropriate test method to test the system. System testing is to examine the system performance, especially in the system function process. Such as the system input data and output information , this process is to ensure the input are validated and output are matched with the expected output.

In order to overcome the problem and verify the system, the author has studied various type of testing method.

To have an efficient test on the system, more than one testing method are used to test the system or a combination of more than one test method. There are three main categories to be tested, which are the Consumer site, Cashier site and the Administration site.

The author used unit testing, integrated testing and system testing to test the system. Unit testing is the first tested on the proposed system. It focuses on each unit of the system and checks for the source code of the particular unit and checks whether it is operated according to the requirement. Lastly, system testing used to test the overall proposed system with all the subsystem integrated together into a working system. These entire testing types have their own area of applicability.

Normally, the testing is used by the developer to test for the performances, functionality, and reliability of the system. It will always be easy to find out the error in small area and fix it before going to the large area.

Unit Testing: Unit testing involves single isolated module. Ideally, a programmer unit tests each module before trying to integrate that module with other. Testing low-level modules requires drivers to provide input and output while testing-high level module requires subs for missing lower-level modules. The entire purpose of unit testing is to reduce the effort of integration testing. Although the programmer might not unit test all modules, but they must plan a module test for each module.

The plan is simply what data to provide to the module and what result to expect. This type of testing is sometimes called black box testing 2. Integration Testing: The integration test combines all the modules together and is tested.

First the programmer would add one or two other subordinates from the same level. Once the program has been tested with the co-ordination module and all of it immediate subordinate modules, the analyst would add modules from the next level and then test the program.

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